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Astronomy

Planet Earth

Planet Earth
Planet Earth taken from space.
Source: NASA.

We obviously know more about Earth than any of the other planets. Earth is the largest of the four terrestrial planets, the other terrestrial planets being Mercury, Venus, and Mars. By terrestrial planet we mean that Earth has a hard rocky surface. The composition of the Earth is similar to other terrestrial planets in that it has an iron-core which is surrounded by a molten mantle which, in turn, is surrounded by an outer crust. We live on top of the crust.

Earth is Different

There are many things that make Earth unique among the Solar System's planets. First, Earth is the only planet that we know of that contains life. Not only does earth contain life, but it supports millions of different forms of life. Another difference is that the Earth is mostly covered with water. Around 71% of the Earth is covered with salt water oceans. Earth is the only planet that has water in liquid form on it's surface. Also, the Earth's atmosphere is made up of mostly nitrogen and oxygen while Venus' and Mars' atmospheres are made up mostly of carbon dioxide.

Satellite picture of Africa
Satellite picture of the continent of Africa.
Source: NASA.
Geography of Earth

The earth has seven large land masses called continents. The continents include Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Oceania, and Antarctica. It also has 5 major bodies of water called oceans including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic oceans. The highest point above sea level on Earth is Mount Everest and the lowest point is the Mariana Trench.

Composition of the Earth

The Earth is composed of a number of layers. On the outside is a rocky layer called the Earth's crust. Below this is the mantle followed by the outer core and the inner core.

Planet Earth is made up of a number of elements. The central core of the Earth is made of mostly iron and nickel. The outer crust of the earth consists of a number of elements. The most abundant are oxygen (46%), silicon (27.7%), aluminum (8.1%), iron (5%), and calcium (3.6%).

Composition of the Earth
Composition of the Earth.
Copyright: Ducksters.

The Earth's Moon

Earth has one moon or natural satellite. You've probably seen it! The Earth's moon is the fifth largest moon in the solar system.

Planet Earth from the Moon
Earth viewed from the Moon's orbit.
Source: NASA.
Fun Facts about Planet Earth Activities

More Astronomy Subjects

The Sun and Planets
Solar System
Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto

Universe
Universe
Stars
Galaxies
Black Holes
Asteroids
Meteors and Comets
Sunspots and Solar Wind
Constellations
Solar and Lunar Eclipse

Other
Telescopes
Astronauts
Space Exploration Timeline
Space Race
Nuclear Fusion
Astronomy Glossary

Science >> Physics >> Astronomy


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